| 605: |
The Holy Prophet arbitrates in
a dispute among the Quraish about the placing of the Black Stone in the
Kaaba. |
| 610: |
The first revelation in the cave
at Mt. Hira. The Holy Prophet is commissioned as the Messenger of God. |
| 613: |
Declaration at Mt. Sara inviting
the general public to Islam. |
| 614: |
Invitation to the Hashimites to
accept Islam. |
| 615: |
Persecution of the Muslims by
the Quraish. A party of Muslims leaves for Abyssinia. |
| 616: |
Second Hijrah to Abysinnia. |
| 617: |
Social boycott of the Hashimites
and the Holy Prophet by the Quraish. The Hashimites are shut up in a glen
outside Makkah. |
| 619: |
Lifting of the boycott. Deaths
of Abu Talib and Hadrat Khadija. Year of sorrow. |
| 620: |
Journey to Taif. Ascension to
the heavens. |
| 621: |
First pledge at Aqaba. |
| 622: |
Second pledge at Aqaba. The Holy
Prophet and the Muslims migrate to Yathrib. |
| 623: |
Nakhla expedition. |
| 624: |
Battle of Badr. Expulsion of the
Bani Qainuqa Jews from Madina. |
| 625: |
Battle of Uhud. Massacre of 70
Muslims at Bir Mauna. Expulsion of Banu Nadir Jews from Madina. Second
expedition of Badr. |
| 626: |
Expedition of Banu Mustaliq. |
| 627: |
Battle of the Trench. Expulsion
of Banu Quraiza Jews. |
| 628: |
Truce of Hudaibiya. Expedition
to Khyber. The Holy Prophet addresses letters to various heads of states. |
| 629: |
The Holy Prophet performs the
pilgrimage at Makkah. Expedition to Muta (Romans). |
| 630: |
Conquest of Makkah. Battles of
Hunsin, Auras, and Taif. |
| 631: |
Expedition to Tabuk. Year of Deputations. |
| 632: |
Farewell pilgrimage at Makkah. |
| 632: |
Death of the Holy Prophet. Election
of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles
of Zu Qissa and Abraq. Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against
Bani Tamim and Musailima, the Liar. |
| 633: |
Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah
Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of Kazima, Mazar, Walaja,
Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and Firaz. |
| 634: |
Battles of Basra, Damascus and
Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph.
Battles of Namaraq and Saqatia. |
| 635: |
Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib.
Conquest of Damascus. Battle of Fahl. |
| 636: |
Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia.
Conquest of Madain. |
| 637: |
Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem.
Battle of Jalula. |
| 638: |
Conquest of Jazirah. |
| 639: |
Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance
into Egypt. |
| 640: |
Capture of the post of Caesaria
in Syria. Conquest of Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon
in Egypt. |
| 641: |
Battle of Nihawand. Conquest Of
Alexandria in Egypt. |
| 642: |
Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest
of Egypt. Foundation of Fustat. |
| 643: |
Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan
(Russia). |
| 644: |
Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan,
Mekran and Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph. |
| 645: |
Campaigns in Fats. |
| 646: |
Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain
and Asia Minor. |
| 647: |
Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest
of the island of Cypress. |
| 648: |
Campaigns against the Byzantines. |
| 651: |
Naval battle of the Masts against
the Byzantines. |
| 652: |
Discontentment and disaffection
against the rule of Hadrat Othman. |
| 656: |
Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman. Hadrat
Ali becomes the Caliph. Battle of the Camel. |
| 657: |
Hadrat Ali shifts the capital
from Madina to Kufa. Battle of Siffin. Arbitration proceedings at Daumaut
ul Jandal. |
| 658: |
Battle of Nahrawan. |
| 659: |
Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah. |
| 660: |
Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz and
Yemen from Mu'awiyah. Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus. |
| 661: |
Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession
of Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph. |
| 662: |
Khawarij revolts. |
| 666: |
Raid of Sicily. |
| 670: |
Advance in North Africa. Uqba
b Nafe founds the town of Qairowan in Tunisia. Conquest of Kabul. |
| 672: |
Capture of the island of Rhodes.
Campaigns in Khurasan. |
| 674: |
The Muslims cross the Oxus. Bukhara
becomes a vassal state. |
| 677: |
Occupation of Sarnarkand and Tirmiz.
Siege of Constantinople. |
| 680: |
Death of Muawiyah. Accession of
Yazid. Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain. |
| 682: |
In North Africa Uqba b Nafe marches
to the Atlantic, is ambushed and killed at Biskra. The Muslims evacuate
Qairowan and withdraw to Burqa. |
| 683: |
Death of Yazid. Accession of Mu'awiyah
II. |
| 684: |
Abdullah b Zubair declares himself
aS the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle
of Marj Rahat. |
| 685: |
Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik
becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada. |
| 686: |
Mukhtar declares himself as the
Caliph at Kufa. |
| 687: |
Battle of Kufa between the forces
of Mukhtar and Abdullah b Zubair. Mukhtar killed. |
| 691: |
Battle of Deir ul Jaliq. Kufa
falls to Abdul Malik. |
| 692: |
The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah
b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph. |
| 695: |
Khawarij revolts in Jazira and
Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun. Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The'
Muslims once again withdraw to Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana
and occupy Kish. |
| 800: |
The Aghlabid rule is established
in North Africa. |
| 803: |
Downfall of the Barmakids. Execution
of Jafar Barmki. |
| 805: |
Campaigns against the Byzantines.
Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress. |
| 809: |
Death of Harun ur Rashid. Accession
of Amin. |
| 814: |
Civil war between Amin and Mamun.
Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph. |
| 815: |
Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs. |
| 816: |
Shia revolt in Makkah; Harsama
quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of Corsica. |
| 817: |
Harsama killed. |
| 818: |
The Umayyads of Spain capture
the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia. |
| 819: |
Mamun comes to Baghdad. |
| 820: |
Tahir establishes the rule of
the Tahirids in Khurasan. |
| 822: |
Death of AI Hakam in Spain; accession
of Abdul Rahman. II. |
| 823: |
Death of Tahir in Khurasan. Accession
of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir. |
| 827: |
Mamun declares the Mutazila creed
as the state religion. |
| 833: |
Death of Mamun. Accession of Mutasim. |
| 836: |
Mutasim shifts the capital to
Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats. |
| 838: |
Revolt of Babek in Azarbaijan
suppressed. |
| 839: |
Revolt of Maziar in Tabaristan.
The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in Sicily. |
| 842: |
Death of Mutasim, accession of
Wasiq. |
| 843: |
Revolts of the Arabs. |
| 847: |
Death of Wasiq, accession of Mutawakkil. |
| 850: |
Mutawakkil restores orthodoxy. |
| 849: |
Death of the Tahirid ruler Abdullah
b Tahir; accession of Tahir II. |
| 852: |
Death of Abdur Rahman II of Spain;.
accession of Muhammad I. |
| 856: |
Umar b Abdul Aziz founds the Habbarid
rule in Sind. |
| 858: |
Mutawakkil founds the town of
Jafariya. |
| 860: |
Ahmad founds the Samanid rule
in Transoxiana. |
| 861: |
Murder of the Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil;
accession of Muntasir. |
| 862: |
Muntasir poisoned to death; accession
of Mutasin. |
| 864: |
Zaidi state established in Tabaristan
by Hasan b Zaid. |
| 866: |
Mutasim flies from Samarra, his
depostion and accession of Mutaaz. |
| 867: |
Yaqub b Layth founds the Saffarid
rule in Sistan. |
| 868: |
Ahmad b Tulun founds the Tulunid
rule in Egypt. |
| 869: |
The Abbasid Caliph Mutaaz forced
to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi. |
| 870: |
Turks revolt against Muhtadi,
his death and accession of Mutamid. |
| 873: |
Tahirid rule extinguished. |
| 874: |
Zanj revolt in South Iraq. Death
of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr. |
| 877: |
Death of Yaqubb Layth in Sistan,
accession of Amr b Layth. |
| 885: |
Death of Ahmad b Tulun in Egypt,
accession of Khamar- wiyiah. |
| 866: |
Death of Muhammad I the Umayyad
ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the Habbari
ruler of Sind. |
| 888: |
Death of Munzir the Umayyad ruler
of Spain, accession of Abbullah. |
| 891: |
The Qarmatian state established
at Bahrain. |
| 892: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Nasr,
accession of Ismail. |
| 894: |
The Rustamids become the vassals
of Spain. |
| 896: |
Death of the Tulunid ruler Khamarwiyiah;
accession of Abul Asakir Jaish. |
| 897: |
Assassination of Abul Asakir Jaish;
accession of Abu Musa Harun. |
| 898: |
Qarmatians sack Basra, |
| 902: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi;
death of the Saffarid ruler Amr. |
| 903: |
Assassination of the Qarmatian
ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir. |
| 905: |
Abdullah b Hamdan founds the Hamdanid
rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt. |
| 907: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muktafi;
accession of Muqtadir, |
| 908: |
End of the Saffarid rule, annexation
of their territories by the Samanids. |
| 909: |
Ubaidullah overthrows the Aghlablds
and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa. |
| 912: |
Death of the Umayyad Amir Abdullah
in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III. |
| 913: |
Assassination of the Samanid ruler
Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II. |
| 928: |
Mardawij b Ziyar founds the Ziyarid
rule in Tabaristan. |
| 929: |
Qarmatians sack Makkah and carry
away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur Rahman III declares
himself as the Caliph. |
| 931: |
Deposition and restoration of
the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu Tahir; accession
of Abu Mansur. |
| 932: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir;
accession of Al Qahir. |
| 934: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Ubaidullah
; accession of Al Qaim. |
| 935: |
Assassination of the Ziyarid ruler
Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler Abdullah b Hamdan
accession of Nasir ud Daula. |
| 936: |
By coup Ibn Raiq becomes the Amir
ul Umara. |
| 938: |
By another coup power at Baghdad
is captured by Bajkam. |
| 940: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Ar
Radi, accession of Muttaqi. |
| 941: |
Assassination of Bajkam, capture
of power by Kurtakin. |
| 942: |
Ibn Raiq recaptures power. |
| 943: |
Al Baeidi captures power. The
Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids. Sail
ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad.
Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of
the Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh. |
| 944: |
Muttaqi is blinded and deposed,
accession of Mustakafi. |
| 945: |
Death of Tuzun. Shirzad becomes
Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
Mustakafi. |
| 946: |
The Qarnaatiana restore the Black
Stone to the Holy Kaaba. |
| |
|
| 954: |
Death of the Sasanid ruler Nuh,
accession of Abdul Malik. |
| 961: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Abdul
Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the Ghazanavids.
Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession of Hakam.
Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali. |
| 965: |
Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu
Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the Ikhshid ruler Abul
Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur. |
| 967: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Muiz
ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail ud Daula. |
| 968: |
Byzantines occupy Aleppo. Death
of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris. |
| 969: |
The Fatimids conquer Egypt. |
| 972: |
Buluggin b Ziri founds the rule
of the Zirids Algeria. |
| 973: |
Shia Sunni disturbances in Baghdad;
power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General Subuktgin. |
| 974: |
Abdication of the Abbasid Caliph
AI Muttih; accession of At Taii. |
| 975: |
Death of the Turk General Subuktgin.
Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz. |
| 976: |
The Buwayhid Sultan Izz ud Daula
recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death of the
Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad
Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II. |
| 978: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Izz
ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown by
the Buwayhids. |
| 979: |
Subkutgin becomes the Amir of
Ghazni. |
| 981: |
End of the Qarmatian rule at Bahrain. |
| 982: |
Death of the- Buwayhid Sultan
Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula. |
| 984: |
Death of the Zirid ruler Buluggin,
accession of Mansur. |
| 986: |
The Buwyhid Sultan Samsara ud
Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula. |
| 989: |
Death of the Buwayhid Sultan Sharaf
ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula. |
| 991: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
At Taii, accession of AI Qadir. |
| 996: |
Death of the Zirid ruler Mansur,
accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis. |
| 997: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Nuh
II, accession of Mansur II. |
| 998: |
Death of the Samanid ruler Mansur
II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of Ghazni. 999
End of the Samanids. |
| 1001: |
Mahmud Ghazanavi defeats the Hindu
Shahis. |
| 1004: |
Mahmud captures Bhatiya. |
| 1005: |
Mahmud captures Multan and Ghur. |
| 1008: |
Mahmud defeats the Rajput confederacy. |
| 1010: |
Abdication of Hisham II in Spain.
accession of Muhammad. |
| 1011: |
In Spain Muhammad is overthrown
by Sulaiman. |
| 1012: |
In Spain power is captured by
Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of Sultan ud
Daula. |
| 1016: |
Death of the Zirrid ruler Nasir
ud Daula Badis; accession of AI Muizz. |
| 1018: |
In Spain power is captured by
Abdul Rahman IV. |
| 1019: |
Conquest of the Punjab by Mahmud
Ghazanavi. |
| 1020: |
The Buwayhid Sultan ud Daula is
Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI Hakim,
accession of Al Zahir. |
| 1024: |
In Spain assassination of Abdul
Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi. |
| 1025: |
Death of the Buwayhid Mushgraf
ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula. |
| 1029: |
In Spain death of Mustaft, accession
of Hisham III. |
| 1030: |
Death of Mahmud Ghazanavi. |
| 1031: |
In Spain deposition of Hisharn
III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir,
accession of Al Qaim. |
| 1036: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of the
Seljuks. |
| 1040: |
Battle of Dandanqan, the Seljuks
defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan, accession
of Muhammad. AI Moravids come to power in North Africa. |
| 1041: |
The Ghazanavid Sultan Muhammad
is overthrown by Maudud. |
| 1044: |
Death of the Buwayhid Jalal ud
Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar. |
| 1046: |
Basasiri captures power in Baghdad. |
| 1047: |
The Zirids in North Africa repudiate
allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the Abbasids. |
| 1048: |
Death of the Buwayhid Abu Kalijar,
accession of Malik ur Rahim. |
| 1050: |
Yusuf b Tashfin comes to power
.in the Maghrib. |
| 1055: |
Tughril Beg overthrows the Buwayhids. |
| 1057: |
Basasiri recaptures power in Baghdad,
deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph. |
| 1059: |
Tughril Beg recaptures power in
Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph. |
| 1060: |
Ibrahim becomes the Sultan of
Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids abandon
their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie. |
| 1062: |
Death of the Zirid ruler AI Muizz,
accession of Tamin. |
| 1063: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril
Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan. |
| 1071: |
Battle of Manzikert, the Byzantine
emperor taken captive by the Seljuks. |
| 1073: |
Death of Alp Arsalan, accession
of Malik Shah. |
| 1077: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI
Qaim, accession of AI Muqtadi. |
| 1082: |
The A1 Moravids conquer Algeria. |
| 1086: |
Battle of Zallakha. The AI Moravids
defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan Sulaiman,
accession of Kilij Arsalan. |
| 1091: |
The Normans conquer the island
of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule. |
| 1092: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik
Shah, accession of Mahmud. |
| 1094: |
Death of Mahmud; accession of
Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession of Mustahzir. |
| 1095: |
The first crusade. |
| 1099: |
The crusaders capture Jerusalem. |
| 1101: |
Death or the Fatimid Caliph Al
Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir. |
| 1105: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Barkiaruk,
accession Of Muhammad. |
| 1106: |
Death of the AI Motavid Yusuf
b Tashfin. |
| 1107: |
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan
Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah. |
| 1108: |
Death of the Zirid ruler Tamin,
accession of Yahya. |
| 1116: |
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan
Malik Shah. accession of Rukn ud Din Masud. |
| 1118: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad;
accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir, accession
of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa. |
| 1121: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Aamir, accession of AI Hafiz. |
| 1127: |
Imad ud Din Zangi establishes
the Zangi rule In Mosul. |
| 1128: |
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Qutb
ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz. |
| 1130: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Mahmud
II; accession of Tughril Beg II. |
| 1134: |
Assassination of the Abbasid Caliph
Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk Sultan Tughril
Beg II, accession of Masud. |
| 1135: |
Deposition of the Abbasid Caliph
AI Rashid, accession of AI Muktafi. |
| 1144: |
Imad ud Din Zangi captures Edessa
from the Christians, second crusade. |
| 1146: |
Death of Imad ud Din Zangi, accession
of Nur ud Din Zangi. |
| 1147: |
In the Maghrib AI Moravids overthrown
by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin. |
| 1148: |
End of the Zirid rule' in North
Africa. |
| 1149: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Hafiz, accession of AI Zafar. |
| 1152: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Masud,
accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North Africa. |
| 1153: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Malik
Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II. |
| 1154: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Zafar, accession of AI Faiz. |
| 1156: |
Death of the Rum Seljuk Sultan
Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II. |
| 1159: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Muhammad
II, accession of Gulaiman. |
| 1160: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI
Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Faiz,
accession of Al Azzid. |
| 1161: |
Death of the Seljuk Sulaiman,
accession of Arsalan Shah. |
| 1163: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul
Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf. |
| 1170: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustanjid,
accession of Al Mustazii. |
| 1171: |
Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid dynasty in
Egypt. |
| 1172: |
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Arsalan,
accession of Sultan Shah. |
| 1173: |
The Khawarzam Shah Sultan Shah
is overthrown by Tukush Shah. |
| 1174: |
Salah ud Din annexes Syria. |
| 1175: |
The Ghurids defeat the Guzz Turks
and occupy Ghazni. |
| 1176: |
Death of the Seljuk Sultan Arsalan
Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III. |
| 1179: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI
Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri captures Peshawar. |
| 1185: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu
Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. |
| 1186: |
The Ghurids overthrow the Ghaznvaids
in the Punjab. |
| 1187: |
Salah ud Din wrests Jerusalem
from the Christians, third crusade. |
| 1191: |
Battle of Tarain between the Rajputs
and the Ghurids. |
| 1193: |
Death of Salah ud Din; accession
of Al Aziz. Second battleof Tarain. |
| 1194: |
Occupation of Delhi by the Muslims.
End of the Seljuk rule. |
| 1199: |
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Tukush
Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub;
accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India and Bengal by the
Ghurids. |
| 1202: |
Death of the Ghurid Sultan Ghias
ud Din; accession of Mahmud. |
| 1204: |
Shahab ud Din Ghuri defeated by
the Ghuzz Turks. |
| 1206: |
Death of Shahab ud Din Ghuri.
Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore. |
| 1210: |
Assassination of the Ghurid Sultan
MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession of Aram
Shah in India. |
| 1211: |
End of the Ghurid rule, their
territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah overthrown
by Iltutmish. |
| 1212: |
Battle of AI Uqab in Spain, end
of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the Christians
in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to Morocco
where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over title
of AI Mustansir. |
| 1214: |
In North Africa death of the AI
Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin under their
leader Abdul Haq occupy the north eastern part of Morocco. |
| 1216: |
The Banu Marin under their leader
Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI Mohads suffer defeat
by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin defeat the AI Mobads
at the battle of Nakur. |
| 1217: |
The Marinids suffer defeat in
the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed and
the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer
defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco. |
| 1218: |
Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI
Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco under their
leader Othman and occupy Fez. |
| 1220: |
Death of the Khawarzam Shah Ala
ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni. |
| 1222: |
Death of the Zangi ruler Nasir
ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu. |
| 1223: |
Death of the Al Mohad ruler Muntasir,
accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir, accession of Abdul
Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his independence
and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows AI Adil.
AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid. |
| 1224: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul
Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil. |
| 1225: |
Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI
Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir. |
| 1227: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdullah
Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession of his
son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim. |
| 1229: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Mustasim,
accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem to the Christians.
Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI Mamun invades
Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is defeated and power is captured by
Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn Tumarat. |
| 1230: |
End of the Khawarzam Shah rule. |
| 1232: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Idris,
accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun; accession of his
son Ar-Rashid. |
| 1234: |
Death of the Ayyubid ruler AI
Kamil, accession of AI Adil. |
| 1236: |
Death of Delhi Sultan Iltutmish.
Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah. |
| 1237: |
Accession of Razia Sultana as
Delhi Sultan. |
| 1240: |
Death of Ar-Rashid; accession
of his son Abu Said. |
| 1241: |
Death of Razia Sultana, accession
of Bahram Shah. |
| 1242: |
Death of Bahram Shah, accession
of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad rules Abdul
Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustansir, accession
of Mustasim. |
| 1243: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abdul
Walid II, accession of |
| 1244: |
The Al Mohads defeat the Marinids
at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco. |
| 1245: |
The Muslims reconquer Jerusalem. |
| 1246: |
Death of the Delhi Sultan Ala
ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah. |
| 1248: |
Death of the AI Mohad ruler Abul
Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen, but is ambushed
and killed; accession of his son Murtada. |
| 1250: |
The Marinids return to Morocco,
and occupy a greatar part thereof. |
| 1258: |
The Mongols sack Baghdad. Death
of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of Baghdad,
end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku establish
their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan the
Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out
to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingent from Baghdad. |
| 1259: |
Abu Abdullah the Hafsid ruler
declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of AI Mustamir. |
| 1260: |
Battle of Ayn Jalut in Syria.
The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of the
invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan. |
| 1262: |
Death of Bahauddin Zikriya in
Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi order
in the IndoPakistan sub-continent. |
| 1265: |
Death of Halaku. Death of Fariduddin
Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan sub-continent. |
| 1266: |
Death of Berek Khan the first
ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth crusade.
The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade. |
| 1267: |
Malik ul Salih establishes the
first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks the help
of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids drive
away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of
Abu Dabbas. |
| 1269: |
Abu Dabbas is overthrown by the
Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI Mohads in Morocco,
the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub. |
| 1270: |
Death of Mansa Wali the founder
of the Muslim rule in M ali. |
| 1272: |
Death of Muhammad I the founder
of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a reverse
at the battle |
| 1273: |
Death of Jalaluddin Rumi. |
| 1274: |
Death of Nasiruddin Tusi. The
Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under Edward
I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England. |
| 1277: |
Death of Baybars. |
| 1280: |
Battle of Hims. |
| 1283: |
Death of Yaghmurasan. Accession
of his son Othman. |
| 1285: |
Tunisis splits in Tunis and Bougie. |
| 1286: |
Death of Ghiasuddin Balban. Death
of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in Bengal under
the name of Nasiruddin. |
| 1290: |
End of the slave dynasty Jalaluddin
Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of conquest and by
1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the Zayanids. |
| 1291: |
Saadi. |
| 1296: |
Alauddin Ghazan converted to Islam. |
| 1299: |
Mongols invade Syria. The Marinids
besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids. |
| 1301: |
In Bengal, Death of Ruknuddin
the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz. |
| 1302: |
In Granada, Death of Muhammad
II; succession of Muhammad III. |
| 1304: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria,
Death of Othman, succession of his son Abu Zayan Muhammad. |
| 1305: |
In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin
Khilji conquers Rajputana. |
| 1306: |
In the Chughills empire, Death
of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk. |
| 1307: |
In the Marinids empire, Assassination
of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu Thabit |
| 1308: |
In the Chughills empire, Deposition
of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of Abu Zayan Muhammad,
succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids empire, Abu Thabit
overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman. |
| 1309: |
In the Chughills empire, Assassination
of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III overthrown by his
uncle Abul Juyush Nasr. |
| 1310: |
In the Chughills empire, Kubak
overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, Abu Rabeah
Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Othman. In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin
conquers Deccan. |
| 1312: |
In Tunisia, In Tunis Abul Baqa
is overthrown by Al Lihiani. |
| 1313: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg. |
| 1314: |
In Kashmir, Rainchan an adventurer
from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of Kashmir. Rainchan is converted
to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown
by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail. |
| 1315: |
In Tunisia, War between Bougie
and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the ruler of Bougie
and Tunis. |
| 1316: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu, succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis empire,
Death of Alauddin, accession of Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by
Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert. |
| 1318: |
In the Khiljis empire, Assassination
of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession of Qutbuddin
Mubarak. In the Chughills empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak. |
| 1320: |
In the Khiljis empire, Assassination
of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan a Hindu convert.
Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of Khiljis. In Tunisia,
Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs empire, Ghazi
Malik founds the rule of the Tughluq dynasty. |
| 1321: |
In the Chughills empire, Death
of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava Temur. |
| 1322: |
In the Chughills empire, Dava
Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In Bengal,
Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts. Ghiasuddin
Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at Sonargaon,
Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at Lakhnauti. |
| 1324: |
In Bengal, Shahabuddin dies and
is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin. |
| 1325: |
In the Tughluqs empire, Death
of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad Tughluq.
In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son Muhammad
IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj
Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession
of Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin
over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and himself become's the ruler of United
Bengal. |
| 1326: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death
of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and makes it his
capital. |
| 1327: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, The
Turks capture the city of Nicaea. |
| 1329: |
In the Tughluqs empire, Muhammad
Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan. |
| 1330: |
In the Chughills empire, Death
of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain establishes the
rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr overthrows
Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal, Muhammad
b Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur
to the throne of Sonargeon. |
| 1331: |
In the Marinids empire, Death
of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan. In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal
by the Tughluqs. |
| 1335: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills empire,
Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun. |
| 1336: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur. In the
Jalayar empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In the
Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The
Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured
power and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak
Shah. |
| 1337: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
The rule of Musa overthrown, Muhammad becomes the Sultan. In the Sarbadaran
empire, On the disintegration of the II-Khan rule, Abdur Razaq a military
adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with the
capital at Sabzwar. In the Muzaffarids empire, On the disintegration of
the II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid
dynasty. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicomedia.
In Algeria, Algeria is occupied by Marinids. |
| 1338: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marries Sulaiman
who becomes the co-ruler. |
| 1339: |
In Kashmir, Death of Sadrud Din,
throne captured by a Hindu Udyana Deva. In the Chughills empire, Deposition
of Burun, accession of Isun Temur. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor at Lakhnauti-Qadr
Khan assassinated and power is captured by the army commander-in-chief
who declares his independence and assumes the title of Alauddin Ali Shah. |
| 1340: |
In the Muzaffarids empire, The
Muzaffarids conquer Kirman. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of Isun
Temur, accession of Muhammad. |
| 1341: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Uzbeg, succession of his son Tini Beg. |
| 1342: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Tini
Beg overthrown by his brother Jani Beg. |
| 1343: |
In the Chughills empire, Muhammad
overthrown, power captured by Kazan. In Bengal, Ilyas an officer of Alauddin
murders his patron and captures the throne of West Bengal. |
| 1344: |
In the Mongols II Khans empire,
Deposition of Sulaiman, succession of Anusherwan. |
| 1345: |
In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death
of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lasted throughout
the fourteenth century. In Bengal, llyas captures East Bengal and under
him Bengal is again united. He establishes his capital at Gaur. |
| 1346: |
In the Chughills empire, Deposition
of Kazan, accession of Hayan Kuli. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Bakr, succession
of his son Fadal. In Kashmir, Death of Udyana Deva, throne captured by
Shah Mirza who assumed the name of Shah Mir, and rounded the rule of Shah
Mir dynasty. |
| 1347: |
The Marinids capture Tunisia.
In the Bahmanids empire, Hasan Gangu declares his independence and establishes
a state in Deccan with the capital at Gulbarga. |
| 1349: |
In Kashmir, Death of Shah Mir,
accession of his son Jamsbed. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Said Othman
recapture Algeria. |
| 1350: |
In the Sarbadaran empire, Revolt
against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia, Deposition
of Fadal, succession of his brother Abu Ishaq. In Kashmir, Jamshed overthrown
by his step brother Alauddin Ali Sher. |
| 1351: |
In the Marinids empire, Death
of Abul Hasan, succession of Abu Inan. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of
Muhammad Tughluq accession of Firuz Shah Tughluq. |
| 1352: |
In Algeria, The Marinids again
capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed. |
| 1353: |
End of the Mongol II Khan rule.
In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks acquire the fortress of Tympa on
the European side of the Hollespoint. In the Muzaffarids empire, The Muzaffarids
conquer Shiraz and establish their capital there. |
| 1354: |
In the Muzaffarids empire, The
Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu Hallaj Yusuf,
succession of his son Muhammad V. |
| 1356: |
In the Jalayar empire, Death of
Hasan Buzurg, succession of his son Owaia. |
| 1357: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Jani Beg, succession of Kulpa. |
| 1358: |
In the Bahmanids empire, Death
of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In the Muzaffarids
empire, Death of Mubarazuddin Muhammad; accession of Shah Shuja. In the
Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu Inan, succession of Abu Bakr Said.
In Bengal, Death of Ilyas, succession of his son Sikandar Shah. |
| 1359: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death
of Orkhan, succession of Murad. In the Muzaffarids empire, Shah Shuja deposed
by his brother Shah Mahmud. In Tunisia, Abul Abbas a nephew of Abu Ishaq
revolts and establishes his rule in Bougie. In Algeria, The Zayanids under
Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria. In the Marinids empire, Abu Bakr Said overthrown
by Abu Salim Ibrahim. In Granada, Muhammad V loses the throne in palace
revolution, succeeded by Ismail. |
| 1360: |
In the Muzaffarids empire, Death
of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughills empire, Power
captured by Tughluq Temur. In Granada, Ismail overthrown by his brother-in-law
Abu Said. |
| 1361: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Murad
conquers a part of Thrace and establishes his capital at Demolika in Thrace.
In the Golden Horde empire, Kulpa overthrown by his brother Nauroz. In
the Marinids empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar. Abu Umar
overthrown by Abu Zayyan. |
| 1362: |
In the Golden Horde empire, State
of anarchy. During 20 years as many as 14 rulers came to the throne and
made their exit. In Granada, Abu Said overthrown by Muhammad V who comes
to rule for the second time. In Kashmir, Death of Alauddin Ali Sher, succeeded
by his brother Shahabuddin. |
| 1365: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, The
Turks defeat the Christians at the battle of Matiza, the Byzantine ruler
becomes a vassal of the Turks. |
| 1366: |
In the Marinids empire, Assassination
of Abu Zayyan, succession of Abu Faris Abdul Aziz. |
| 1369: |
Power captured by Amir Temur.
End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power in Transoxiana.
In Tunisia, Death of Abu Ishaq. Succession of his son Abu Baqa Khalid. |
| 1370: |
In Tunisia, Abu Baqa overthrown
by Abul Abbas under whom the state is reunited. In the Sarbadaran empire,
Death of Amir Masud, succession of Muhammad Temur. |
| 1371: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Invasion
of Bulgaria, Bulgarian territory upto the Balkans annexed by the Turks. |
| 1372: |
In the Marinids empire, Death
of Abu Faris, succession of Abu Muhammad. |
| 1374: |
In the Marinids empire, Abu Muhammad
overthrown by Abul Abbas. |
| 1375: |
In the Sarbadaran empire, Deposition
of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In the Jalayar empire,
Death of Owais, succession by his son Hussain. |
| 1376: |
In Kashmir, Death of Shahabuddin,
succeeded by his brother Qutbuddin. |
| 1377: |
In the Bahmanids empire, Death
of Muhammad Shah, succeeded by his son Mujahid. |
| 1378: |
In the Bahmanids empire, Mujahid
assassinated, throne captured by his uncle Daud. |
| 1379: |
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire,
Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of the Turkomans of the
Black Sheep and established his capital at Van in Armenia. In the Bahmanids
empire, Assassination of Daud; accession of Muhammad Khan. |
| 1380: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Power
is captured by Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia. In Amir
Temur's empire, Amir Temur crosses the Oxus and conquers Khurasan and Herat.
Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids and Mazandaran. |
| 1381: |
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation
of Seestan, capture of Qandhar. |
| 1384: |
In Amir Temur's empire, Conquest
of Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah. In the Muzaffarids empire,
Death of Shah Shuja, accession of his son Zainul Abdin. In the Marinids
empire, Abul Abbas overthrown by Mustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheep
empire, Death of Bairam Khawaja, succession of Qara Muhammad. |
| 1386: |
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation
of Azarbaijan, Georgea overrun. Subjugation of Gilan and Shirvan. Turkomans
of the Black Sheep defeated. In the Marinids empire, Death of Mustansir,
succession of Muhammad. |
| 1387: |
In the Marinids empire, Muhammad
overthrown by Abul Abbas who comes to power for the second time. |
| 1388: |
In Algeria, Death of Abu Hamuw
II, succession of Abu Tashfin. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Firuz Shah
Tughluq, succeeded by his grandson Ghiasuddin Tughluq II. |
| 1389: |
of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah. Turkomans
of the Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Muhammad. succession of Qara Yusuf. |
| 1390: |
In the Tughluqs empire, Abu Bakr
overthrow by Nasiruddin Tughluq. In Bengal, Death of Sikandar Shah, accession
of his son Ghiasud. In the Burji Mamluks empire, The rule of the Burji
Mamluks rounded by Saifuddin Barquq. |
| 1391: |
In Amir Temur's empire, Annexation
of Fars. In the Muzaffarids empire, Annexation of the Muzaffarids by Amir
Temur. In Granada, Death of Muhammad V, succession of his son Abu Hallaj
Yusuf II. |
| 1392: |
In the Jalayar empire, Death of
Hussain, succession of his son Ahmad. In Granada, Death of Abu Hallaj ;
succession of Muhammad VI. |
| 1393: |
Amir Temur defeats Tiktomish,
the ruler of the Golden Horde. Capture of the Jalayar dominions by Amir
Temur. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Abbas; succession of Abu Faris
II. |
| 1394: |
Amir Temur defeats the Duke of
Moscow. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of Nasiruddin Tugluq, accession of
Alauddin Sikandar Shah. In Kashmir, Death of Qutbuddin. Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Qara Othman established the rule of the White Sheep
Turkomans in Diyarbekr. |
| 1395: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Amir
Temur defeated Toktamish and razes Serai to the ground. End of the rule
of the Golden Horde. Annexation of Iraq by Amir Temur. In the Tughluqs
empire, Death of Sikandar Shah. Accession of Muhammad Shah. |
| 1396: |
In the Amir Temur's empire, Destruction
of Sarai, and of the rule of the Golden Horde. In the Sarbadaran empire,
Principality annexed by Amir Temur. |
| 1397: |
In the Bahmanids empire, Death
of Muhammad Khan. |
| 1398: |
In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign
in India. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris II. In the Tughluqs
empire, Invasion of Amir Timur, Mahmud Shah escapes from the capital. In
Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II; succession of his son
Abu Said Othman. |
| 1399: |
In the Amir Temur's empire, Campaign
in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin Barquq,
succession of his son Nasiruddin in Faraj. |
| 1400: |
In the Burji Mamluks empire, The
Mamluks lost Syria which was occupied by Amir Timur. |
| 1401: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession of Shadi
Beg. |
| 1402: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Defeat
of Bayazid at the battle of Ankara, taken captive Amir Timur. |
| 1403: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Muhammad
I, the son of Bayazid ascended the throne. |
| 1405: |
In the Timurids empire, Death
of Amir Timur, succession of his son Shah Rukh. |
| 1407: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the king maker Edigu. |
| 1410: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Faulad Khan, installation of Timur. |
| 1412: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Timur, installation of Jalaluddin. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death
of Nasiruddin Faraj, succession of Al Muayyad. |
| 1413: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Jalaluddin, installation of Karim Bardo. |
| 1414: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Karim Bardo, installation of Kubak Khan. |
| 1416: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Deposition
of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition of Jahar Balrawi,
installation of Chaighray. |
| 1419: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh Muhammad. |
| 1420: |
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire,
Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco, Assassination
of Abu Said Othman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq. |
| 1421: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death
of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji Mamluks empire,
Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar Ahmad overthrown
by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of his son
Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay. |
| 1424: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of Tunisia
occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the fifteenth
century. |
| 1425: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr,
a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the western
part of Siberia, |
| 1427: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Berk
overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second time. |
| 1430: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr
occupies Khawarazm. |
| 1434: |
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire,
Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans
of the White Sheep empire, Death of Qara Othman, succession of his son
Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a rule of forty years, succession
of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad. |
| 1435: |
In Tunisia, Deposition of Abu
Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Othman. |
| 1438: |
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death
of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf; Yusuf overthrown
and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk. Turkomans of
the White Sheep empire, Ali Beg overthrown by his brother Hamza. |
| 1439: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Ulugh
Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan. Said
Ahmad came to power in Sarai. |
| 1440: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg. |
| 1441: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Crimea
seceded from Sarai. |
| 1446: |
In the Timurids empire, Death
of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks empire, Second
battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia annexed
to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal. |
| 1447: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Astra
Khan seceded from Sarai. |
| 1449: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Abul Khayr
captures Farghana. In the Timurids empire, Death of Ulugh Beg, succession
of Abdul Latif. |
| 1450: |
In the Timurids empire, Assassination
of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu Said. |
| 1451: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death
of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II. |
| 1453: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Capture
of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death
of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji Mamluks empire,
Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Othman. Othman overthrown
by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal. |
| 1454: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Attack
against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey. |
| 1456: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation
of Serbia. |
| 1461: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation
of Bosnia and Herzogovina. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Saifuddin
Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin Ahmad overthrown
by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam. |
| 1462: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation
of Albania. |
| 1465: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Said Ahmad, succession of his son Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination
of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule. Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad
al Jati. |
| 1467: |
Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire,
Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep Turkoman rule.
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Jahan Shah of the Black Sheep attacked
the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep territories
annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of Khushqadam,
accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey, power captured
by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha. |
| 1468: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Death of
Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of the White
Sheep empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of Qarabagh
whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In the
Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the
Mamluk General Qait Bay. |
| 1469: |
In the Timurids empire, Death
of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan Hussain Baygara
came to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the fifteenth
century. |
| 1472: |
In Morocco, Sharif Muhammad al
Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who establishes
the rule of the Wattisid dynasty. |
| 1473: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, War
against Persia; Persians defeated. |
| 1475: |
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Annexation
of Crimea. War against Venice. Tukey became the master of the Aegean Sea. |
| 1478: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil. |
| 1479: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub. |
| 1480: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Assassination
of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II. |
| 1481: |
In the Golden Horde empire, Said
Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada. In the Ottoman Turks empire,
Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II. |
| 1488: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Death of
Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In Tunisia, Death
of Abu Umar Othman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu Zikriya
Yahya. |
| 1489: |
In Tunisia, Abu Zikriya Yahya
overthrown by Abul Mumin. |
| 1490: |
In Tunisia, Abul Mumin overthrown,
power recaptured by Abu Yahya. |
| 1493: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir. |
| 1495: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam. |
| 1496: |
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Abdication
of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad. |
| 1497: |
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire,
Rustam overthrown by Ahmad. Anarchy and fragmentation. |
| 1498: |
In the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition
of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh. |
| 1499: |
In the Uzbegs empire, Shayhani
Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde empire, Death of Murtada,
succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks defeated
the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto. |
| 1600: |
Sind annexed by the Mughals. End
of the Arghun rule in Sind. |
| 1601: |
Khandesh annexed by the Mughals. |
| 1603: |
Battle of Urmiyah. Turks suffer
defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr. Death
of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al
Shaikh died. |
| 1604: |
In Indonesia death of Alauddin
Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession of Ali Rayat Shah III. |
| 1605: |
Death of the Mughal emperor Akbar;
accession of Jahangir. |
| 1607: |
Annexation of Ahmadnagar by the
Mughals. |
| 1609: |
Annexation of Bidar by the Mughals |
| 1611: |
Kuch Behar subjugated by the Mughals. |
| 1612: |
Kamrup annexed by the Mughals. |
| 1617: |
Death of Ahmad I, Sultan of Turkey,
accession of Mustafa; Deposition of Mustafa: accession of Othman II. |
| 1618: |
Tipperah annexed by the Mughals.: |
| ' |
|
| 1620: |
In Turkey deposition of Mustafa,
accession of Othman II. |
| 1623: |
In Turkey Mustafa recaptured power. |
| 1625: |
In Turkey deposition of Mustafa,
accession of Murad IV. |
| 1627: |
Death of the Mughal emperor Jahangir,
accession of Shah Jahan. |
| 1628: |
Reign of Safavid Sultan Shah Abbas
I comes to an end. |
| 1629: |
In Persia death of Shah Abbas;
accession of grandson Safi. |
| 1631: |
Death of Mumtaz Mahal, wife of
Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and the lady of Taj Mahal, Agra. |
| 1637: |
Death of Iskandar Muda in Indonesia;
accession of Iskandar II. |
| 1640: |
Death of Otthman Sultan Murad
IV. accession of his brother Ibrahim. |
| 1641: |
Turks capture Azov. In Indonesia
death of Iskandar II; accession of the Queen Tajul Alam. |
| 1642: |
In Persia death of Shah Safi,
accession of Shah Abbas II. |
| 1648: |
In Turkey Ibrahim deposed; accession
of Muhammad IV. |
| 1656: |
Muhammad Kuiprilli becomes the
Grand Minister in Turkey. |
| 1658: |
Deposition of the Mughal emperor
Shah Jahan, accession of Aurangzeb. |
| 1661: |
Death of Muhammad Kuiprilli, accession
of his son Ahmad Kuiprilli. |
| 1667: |
Death of Shah Abbas II; accession
of Shah Sulaiman. |
| 1675: |
Execution of the Sikh Guru Tegh
Bahadur. In Indonesia death of the queen Tajul Alam, accession of the queen
Nur ul Alam. |
| 1676: |
Death of the Grand Wazir of Turkey
Ahmad Kuiprilli, succession by Kara Mustafa. |
| 1678: |
In Indonesia death of the queen
Nur ul Alam, accession of the queen Inayat Zakia. |
| 1680: |
Death of Marhatta chieftain Shivaji. |
| 1682: |
Assam annexed by the Mughals.
Aurangzeb shifts the capital to Aurangabad in the Deccan. |
| 1683: |
The Turks lift the siege of Vienna
and retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Wazir executed for the failure of the
expedition. |
| 1686: |
Annexation of Bijapur by the Mughals. |
| 1687: |
Golkunda annexed by the Mughals.
Second battle of Mohads. Defeat of the Turks by Austria. Deposition of
Muhammad IV. Accession of Sulaiman II. |
| 1688: |
In Indonesia death of queen Inayat
Zakia, accession of the queen Kamalah. |
| 1690: |
Death of the Ottoman Sultan Sulaiman
II, accession of Ahmad II. |
| 1692: |
Death of the Turk Sultan Ahmad
II, accession of Mustafa II. |
| 1694: |
In Persia death of Shah Safi,
accession of Shah Hussain. |
| 1699: |
In Indonesia death of Queen Kamalah. |
| 1803: |
Shah Abdul Aziz ibn Saud assassinated
by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of Afghanistan. |
| 1805: |
Ibn Saud captured Madinah defeating
the Turk garrison. |
| 1804: |
Othman Dan Fodio established Islamic
State of Sokoto in Central Sudan. |
| 1805: |
Faraizi movement launched in Bengal.
Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Turks. |
| 1806: |
Khanate of Khiva came into limelight
under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan. |
| 1807: |
Darqawi sect revolted against
Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria. |
| 1811: |
Birth of Ali Muhammad Bab founder
of Bab movement. |
| 1811: |
British occupied Indonesia. |
| 1812: |
Madina fell to Egyptians. |
| 1813: |
Makkah and Taif captured by Egyptian
forces and Saudis expelled from Hijaz. |
| 1814: |
Iran executed treaty of alliance
with the British known as Definitive Treaty. |
| 1814: |
Death of Ibn Saud II. |
| 1814: |
King Othman of Tunisia assassinated
by his cousin Mahmud. |
| 1816: |
British withdrew from Indonesia
restoring it to the Dutch. |
| 1822: |
Death of Maulay Ismail in Morocco. |
| 1827: |
Malaya became a preserve of the
British according to Anglo- Netherland treaty in 1824. |
| 1828: |
Russia declared war against Turkey. |
| 1829: |
Treaty of Adrianople. |
| 1830: |
French forces landed near Algiers
and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks. |
| 1831: |
Syed Ahmad Barelvi and Shah Ismail
leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in Balakot. |
| 1832: |
Turks defeated in the battle of
Konia by Egyptian forces. |
| 1832: |
Sayyid Said, King of Oman, shifted
his capital to Zanzibar. |
| 1834: |
Abdul Qadir recognised as ruler
of the area under his control by the French. |
| 1839: |
Defeat of Turkey by the Egyptians
in the battle of Nisibin. |
| 1840: |
Quadruple Alliance by the European
powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria. |
| 1840: |
British frees occupied Aden. |
| 1841: |
State of Adamawa established by
Adams adjacent to Nigeria. |
| 1842: |
Amir Abdul Qadir, ousted from
Algeria by the French. crossed over to Morocco. |
| 1842: |
Shah Shuja assassinated ending
the Durrani rule in Afghanistan. |
| 1847: |
Amir Abdul Qadir surrendred to
France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of his choice
but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France. |
| 1849: |
Death of Muhammad Ali pasha. |
| 1850: |
Ali Muhammad Bab arrested and
executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned poetess
and staunch advocate of Babism also shot dead. |
| 1852: |
Release of Amir Abdul Qadir by
Napolean III. He settled in Turkey. |
| 1855: |
Khiva annexed by Russia. |
| 1857: |
British captured Delhi and eliminated
Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah
Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of 1000 years
of Muslim rule over India. |
| 1859: |
Imam Shamil laid down arms before
Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became a Russian province. |
| 1860: |
Maulay Muhammad defeated by Spain. |
| 1861: |
Death of Sultan Abdul-Majid of
Turkey. |
| 1862: |
Faraizi movement fizzled out after
the death of Dadu Miyan.. |
| 1865: |
Khoqand State liquidated by Russia. |
| 1869: |
Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from
Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt. |
| 1871: |
Tunisia recognised suzerainty
of Turkey through a Firman. |
| 1876: |
Britain purchased shares of Khediv
Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs. |
| 1878: |
Turkey handed over Cyprus to Britain. |
| 1878: |
Adrianople fell to Russia. |
| 1879: |
Jamaluddin Afghani exiled from
Egypt. |
| 1879: |
Treaty of Berlin. Turkey lost
4/5 th of its territory in Europe. |
| 1881: |
France invaded Tunisia and the
Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo. |
| 1881: |
Muhammad Ahmad declared himself
Mahdi in northern Sudan. |
| 1882: |
Egypt came under British military
occupation. |
| 1883: |
Death of Amir Abdul Qadir in Damascus. |
| 1885: |
Muhammad Ahmad declared free Government
of Sudan under his rule. |
| 1885: |
Death of Mahdi Sudani five months
after the occupation of Khartum. |
| 1890: |
End of Banbara State. |
| 1895: |
Afghanistan got Wakhan corridor
by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan touch China. |
| 1895: |
Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian claimed
prophethood. |
| 1897: |
State of Bagirimi occupied by
the French, |
| 1899: |
Fall of Mahdi State occupied by
the British and the Egyptians jointly. |
| 1901: |
Ibn Saud (Abd al-Aziz) captures
Riyad. |
| 1901: |
French forces occupy Morocco. |
| 1904: |
Morocco becomes a French protectorate
under the Conference of Algeciras. |
| 1904: |
The Presian constitution is promoted. |
| 1905: |
The beginning of the Salafiyyah
movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt. |
| 1907: |
The beginning of the Young Turks
movement in Turkey. |
| 1912: |
The beginning of the Muhammadiyyah
reform movement in Indonesia. |
| 1914: |
Under Ottoman rule, secret Arab
nationalist societies are formed. |
| 1914: |
World War I. |
| 1916: |
Arab revolt against Ottoman (Turkish)
rule. Lawrence of Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway. |
| 1918: |
Armistice signed with Ottomans
on October 30. |
| 1918: |
World War I ends on November 11. |
| 1918: |
Syria and Damascus become a French
protectorate. |
| 1921: |
Abd Allah bin Husayn in made King
of Transjordan. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Faysal bin Husayn is made King
of Iraq. His father was the Sharif of Mecca. |
| 1921: |
Abd al-Karim leads a revolt against
colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic of the Rif". |
| 1922: |
Mustafa Kemal abolishes the Turkish
Sultanate. |
| 1924: |
The Turkish Caliphate is abolished. |
| 1924: |
King Abd al-Aziz conquers Mecca
and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and
Hijaz. |
| 1925: |
Reza Khan seizes the government
in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty. |
| 1926: |
Abd al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) assumes
title of King of Najd and Hijaz. |
| 1927: |
Death of Zaghlul, an Egyptian
nationalist leader. |
| 1928: |
Turkey is declared a secular state. |
| 1928: |
Hasan al-Banna founds the Muslim
Brotherhood. |
| 1932: |
Iraq granted independence by League
of Nations. |
| 1934: |
War between King Abd al-Aziz and
Imam Yahya of the Yemen. |
| 1934: |
Peace treaty of Ta'if. |
| 1934: |
Asir becomes part of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1935: |
Iran becomes the official name
of Persia. |
| 1936: |
Increased Jewish immigration provokes
widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine. |
| 1939: |
World War II. |
| 1941: |
British and Russian forces invade
Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son Mohammad Reza
Shah in Iran. |
| 1943: |
Beginning of Zionist terrorist
campaign in Palestine. |
| 1945: |
End of World War II. |
| 1946: |
Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria are
granted independence from Britain and France. |
| 1947: |
Creation of Pakistan from Muslim
Majority area in India. |
| 1948: |
Creation of state of Israel. Arab
armies suffer defeat in war with Israel. |
| 1949: |
Hasan al-Banna, leader of the
Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated. |
| 1951: |
Libya becomes independent. |
| 1952: |
King Faruq of Egypt forced to
abdicate. |
| 1953: |
General Zahedi leads coup against
Musaddeq, Shah returns to power. |
| 1953: |
Death of King Abd al-Aziz (Ibn
Saud) of Saudi Arabia. |
| 1953: |
The foundation stone is laid to
enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina. |
| 1956: |
Morocco becomes independent. |
| 1956: |
Tunisia becomes independent. |
| 1957: |
The Bey of Tunisia is deposed,
and Bourguiba becomes becomes president. |
| 1957: |
Enlargement of the Haram in Mecca
begins. |
| 1962: |
Algeria becomes independent. |
| 1962: |
Death of Zaydi Imam of Yemen (Ahmad).
Crown Prince Bahr succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah Muhammad. |
| 1965: |
Malcom X is assassinated. |
| 1968: |
The enlargement of the Haram in
Mecca is completed. |
| 1969: |
King Idris of Libya is ousted
by a coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi. |
| 1973: |
King Zahir Shah of Afghanistan
is overthrown. |
| 1975: |
Death of Elijah Mohammad, leader
of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America. |
| 1975: |
Wallace Warith Deen Mohammad assumes
leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward Islamic Orthodoxy
renaming it American Muslim Mission. |
| 1978: |
Imam Musa Sadr is apparently assassinated
after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious leader of
the Lebanese Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the resurgence of Shi'ites
in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal. |
| 1979: |
The Shah leaves Iran on January
15, thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end. |
| 1979: |
On 1 Muharram AH 1400/21 November,
the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by students of
the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of their group
as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man of the people
of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the people of
Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against his will and swear
fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner of the Kabah) and the
Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks.
Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured alive, the mosque is recovered,
and the conspirators are all put to death. |
| 1980: |
Beginning of the Iran-Iraq war. |
| 1989: |
Iran-Iraq comes to an end with
much loss of life. |
| 1990: |
Military annexation of Kuwait
by Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by
a coalition of United States-led forces. |